Cast Eloquent Attributes to Custom Types

// app/Models/Product.php
namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use App\Casts\Json; // Assume you have a custom cast class

class Product extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = ['name', 'price', 'is_published', 'options', 'release_date', 'details'];

    protected $casts = [
        'is_published' => 'boolean',
        'options' => 'array', // Will automatically convert JSON string to PHP array
        'release_date' => 'date', // Will return a Carbon instance
        'details' => 'collection', // Will return an Illuminate\Support\Collection instance
        'status_history' => Json::class, // Custom cast example
    ];

    // Example Usage
    // $product = Product::find(1);
    // var_dump($product->is_published); // boolean true/false
    // echo $product->release_date->format('Y-m-d'); // Carbon instance methods
    // print_r($product->options['color']); // Access array elements
    // print_r($product->details->toArray()); // Access collection methods

    // $product->options = ['size' => 'L', 'color' => 'blue']; // Stored as JSON
    // $product->is_published = true; // Stored as 1/0
    // $product->save();
}

// app/Casts/Json.php (Example Custom Cast Class)
namespace App\Casts;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\CastsAttributes;

class Json implements CastsAttributes
{
    public function get($model, string $key, mixed $value, array $attributes): mixed
    {
        return json_decode($value, true);
    }

    public function set($model, string $key, mixed $value, array $attributes): mixed
    {
        return json_encode($value);
    }
}