Client-Side API Retries with Exponential Backoff

async function fetchWithRetry(url, options = {}, retries = 3, delay = 1000, factor = 2) {
  for (let i = 0; i < retries; i++) {
    try {
      const response = await fetch(url, options);
      if (response.status === 429) { // Too Many Requests (Rate Limit)
        console.warn(`Rate limit hit. Retrying in ${delay / 1000}s... (Attempt ${i + 1}/${retries})`);
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
        delay *= factor; // Exponential increase
        continue; // Try again
      } else if (!response.ok) {
        // Treat other non-OK responses as potential retry candidates
        // You might want to refine this to specific error codes (e.g., 5xx errors)
        console.warn(`API call failed with status ${response.status}. Retrying in ${delay / 1000}s... (Attempt ${i + 1}/${retries})`);
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
        delay *= factor;
        continue;
      }
      return response; // Success!
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Fetch failed (Attempt ${i + 1}/${retries}):`, error.message);
      if (i < retries - 1) {
        console.info(`Retrying in ${delay / 1000}s...`);
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
        delay *= factor; // Exponential increase
      } else {
        throw error; // Re-throw if all retries failed
      }
    }
  }
  throw new Error('All retry attempts failed.');
}

// Example usage:
// fetchWithRetry('https://api.example.com/data', { method: 'GET' }, 5, 500) // 5 retries, starting delay 0.5s
//   .then(response => response.json())
//   .then(data => console.log(data))
//   .catch(error => console.error('Failed after multiple retries:', error.message));