Create Custom Hashable Objects for Dict Keys

class Point:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, Point):
            return NotImplemented
        return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y

    def __hash__(self):
        # A good hash function is crucial. Using a tuple of attributes often works well.
        return hash((self.x, self.y))

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"Point({self.x}, {self.y})"

# Create instances of the custom object
p1 = Point(1, 2)
p2 = Point(3, 4)
p3 = Point(1, 2) # Same as p1

# Use custom objects as dictionary keys
data_map = {}
data_map[p1] = "Value for P1"
data_map[p2] = "Value for P2"
data_map[p3] = "Value for P3 (should overwrite P1's value)"

print("Dictionary with custom keys:")
print(data_map)
print(f"Retrieving p1's value: {data_map[Point(1,2)]}") # New object with same values works

# Use custom objects in a set
point_set = {p1, p2, p3, Point(5,6)}
print("
Set of custom objects:")
print(point_set)

# Expected output:
# Dictionary with custom keys:
# {Point(1, 2): 'Value for P3 (should overwrite P1\'s value)', Point(3, 4): 'Value for P2'}
# Retrieving p1's value: Value for P3 (should overwrite P1\'s value)
#
# Set of custom objects:
# {Point(1, 2), Point(3, 4), Point(5, 6)}