Define Reusable Query Constraints with Eloquent Local Scopes

// In app/Models/Product.php
namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Product extends Model
{
    // ...

    /**
     * Scope a query to only include active products.
     *
     * @param \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder $query
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    public function scopeActive($query)
    {
        return $query->where('is_active', true);
    }

    /**
     * Scope a query to only include products in a given category.
     *
     * @param \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder $query
     * @param string $categorySlug
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    public function scopeCategory($query, $categorySlug)
    {
        return $query->where('category_slug', $categorySlug);
    }
}

// In a controller or service
use App\Models\Product;

// Get all active products
$activeProducts = Product::active()->get();

// Get active products in 'electronics' category
$electronicsProducts = Product::active()->category('electronics')->get();

// You can chain scopes and other query builder methods
$expensiveElectronics = Product::active()->category('electronics')->where('price', '>', 1000)->get();