Filter Parent Models Based on Related Model Conditions

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class ReportController extends Controller
{
    public function usersWithPosts()
    {
        // Get users who have at least one post
        $users = User::has('posts')->get();
        // Equivalent SQL: SELECT * FROM users WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM posts WHERE users.id = posts.user_id)
        echo "Users with any posts: " . $users->pluck('name')->implode(', ') . "
";

        // Get users who have posts with 'published' status
        $usersWithPublishedPosts = User::whereHas('posts', function (Builder $query) {
            $query->where('status', 'published');
        })->get();
        // Equivalent SQL: SELECT * FROM users WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM posts WHERE users.id = posts.user_id AND status = 'published')
        echo "Users with published posts: " . $usersWithPublishedPosts->pluck('name')->implode(', ') . "
";

        // Get users who DO NOT have any posts
        $usersWithoutPosts = User::doesntHave('posts')->get();
        echo "Users without any posts: " . $usersWithoutPosts->pluck('name')->implode(', ') . "
";

        // Get users who DO NOT have posts with 'published' status
        $usersWithoutPublishedPosts = User::whereDoesntHave('posts', function (Builder $query) {
            $query->where('status', 'published');
        })->get();
        echo "Users without published posts: " . $usersWithoutPublishedPosts->pluck('name')->implode(', ') . "
";

        return response()->json([
            'users_with_posts' => $users->pluck('name'),
            'users_with_published_posts' => $usersWithPublishedPosts->pluck('name'),
            'users_without_posts' => $usersWithoutPosts->pluck('name'),
            'users_without_published_posts' => $usersWithoutPublishedPosts->pluck('name'),
        ]);
    }
}