Optimize External API Calls with Server-Side Caching (Laravel)

<?php

namespace App\Services;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
use Exception;

class ExternalApiService
{
    protected $baseUrl;
    protected $cacheTtl; // Time To Live in seconds for cache

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->baseUrl = config('services.external_api.url');
        $this->cacheTtl = config('services.external_api.cache_ttl', 3600); // Default 1 hour
    }

    /**
     * Fetches data from an external API, with caching.
     *
     * @param string $endpoint The API endpoint (e.g., 'products/123').
     * @param array $queryParameters Query parameters to append.
     * @param bool $forceRefresh Whether to bypass cache and fetch fresh data.
     * @return array|null
     */
    public function fetchData(string $endpoint, array $queryParameters = [], bool $forceRefresh = false): ?array
    {
        $cacheKey = 'external_api:' . md5($endpoint . serialize($queryParameters));

        if (!$forceRefresh && Cache::has($cacheKey)) {
            return Cache::get($cacheKey);
        }

        try {
            $response = Http::withHeaders([
                'Accept' => 'application/json',
                // Add any necessary authentication headers here, e.g., 'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $this->getToken()
            ])->get("{$this->baseUrl}/{$endpoint}", $queryParameters);

            if ($response->successful()) {
                $data = $response->json();
                Cache::put($cacheKey, $data, $this->cacheTtl);
                return $data;
            } else {
                // Log error, throw exception, or return default
                logger()->error('External API request failed', [
                    'endpoint' => $endpoint,
                    'status' => $response->status(),
                    'response' => $response->body()
                ]);
                return null;
            }
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            logger()->error('Error fetching from external API', [
                'endpoint' => $endpoint,
                'error' => $e->getMessage()
            ]);
            return null;
        }
    }

    // Example usage in a controller or other service:
    // public function showProduct(string $productId)
    // {
    //     $apiService = new ExternalApiService();
    //     $productData = $apiService->fetchData("products/{$productId}");
    //     if ($productData) {
    //         // ... do something with productData
    //     }
    // }
}