Robust API Calling with Exponential Backoff and Retry Logic

const MAX_RETRIES = 5;
const INITIAL_DELAY_MS = 1000; // 1 second

async function fetchDataWithRetry(url, options = {}, retryCount = 0) {
    try {
        const response = await fetch(url, options);

        if (response.status === 429 || response.status >= 500) { // Rate limit or server error
            if (retryCount < MAX_RETRIES) {
                const delay = INITIAL_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, retryCount) + Math.random() * 1000; // Exponential backoff + jitter
                console.warn(`Rate limit or server error (${response.status}). Retrying in ${delay.toFixed(0)}ms... (Attempt ${retryCount + 1}/${MAX_RETRIES})`);
                await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
                return fetchDataWithRetry(url, options, retryCount + 1);
            } else {
                throw new Error(`Max retries exceeded for ${url} (Status: ${response.status})`);
            }
        }

        if (!response.ok) {
            const errorData = await response.json().catch(() => ({ message: response.statusText }));
            throw new Error(`API error: ${response.status} - ${JSON.stringify(errorData)}`);
        }

        return await response.json();

    } catch (error) {
        console.error(`Error fetching ${url}:`, error.message);
        throw error;
    }
}

// Example usage:
// (async () => {
//     try {
//         const data = await fetchDataWithRetry('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1');
//         console.log('Fetched data:', data);

//         // Example for a URL that might simulate an error (replace with actual failing URL if needed)
//         // const failingData = await fetchDataWithRetry('https://httpstat.us/503'); // Simulates a 503 error
//         // console.log('Failing data:', failingData);
//     } catch (e) {
//         console.error('Operation failed after retries:', e);
//     }
// })();