Simplifying Data Models with Python dataclasses

from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import List, Optional

@dataclass
class Product:
    id: int
    name: str
    price: float
    description: Optional[str] = None
    tags: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    is_available: bool = True

    def display_info(self) -> str:
        status = "Available" if self.is_available else "Out of Stock"
        return f"{self.name} (ID: {self.id}) - ${self.price:.2f} - Status: {status}"

# Create instances of Product
product1 = Product(id=101, name="Laptop Pro", price=1200.00)
product2 = Product(id=102, name="Wireless Mouse", price=25.50, description="Ergonomic design", tags=["accessory", "peripherals"])

print(product1.display_info())
print(product2.display_info())

# Dataclasses automatically provide __repr__, __eq__, __hash__ (if safe)
print(f"Product 1: {product1}")

# Dataclasses are mutable by default
product1.price = 1150.00
print(f"Updated product 1 price: {product1.price}")

# Example: Converting to dict for API responses or database storage
import json
product2_dict = product2.__dict__ # Note: __dict__ is a simple conversion, dataclasses.asdict() is more robust for nested dataclasses
print(f"Product 2 as dict: {product2_dict}")
# print(json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(product2), indent=2)) # Requires `import dataclasses`