Synchronize Directories with Rsync

#!/bin/bash

# This script uses rsync to synchronize files and directories.
# It performs a one-way sync from SOURCE to DESTINATION.

SOURCE_DIR="./source_files/" # Make sure this directory exists with some files
DESTINATION_DIR="./destination_backup/" # Make sure this directory exists or rsync will create it

# Create dummy directories and files for demonstration if they don't exist
if [ ! -d "$SOURCE_DIR" ]; then
    mkdir -p "$SOURCE_DIR"
    echo "Hello from source 1" > "$SOURCE_DIR/file1.txt"
    echo "Hello from source 2" > "$SOURCE_DIR/file2.txt"
    mkdir -p "$SOURCE_DIR/subfolder"
    echo "Subfile content" > "$SOURCE_DIR/subfolder/subfile.txt"
    echo "Dummy source files created."
fi

if [ ! -d "$DESTINATION_DIR" ]; then
    mkdir -p "$DESTINATION_DIR"
    echo "Dummy destination directory created."
fi

# Rsync options:
# -a: archive mode (recursively, preserve symlinks, permissions, ownership, timestamps)
# -v: verbose output
# --delete: delete extraneous files from dest dir (not in source dir)
# --exclude: exclude specific files or directories (can be used multiple times)

echo "
Starting synchronization from '$SOURCE_DIR' to '$DESTINATION_DIR' ..."

rsync -av --delete "$SOURCE_DIR" "$DESTINATION_DIR"

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "
Synchronization successful!"
else
    echo "
Synchronization failed. Please check the output for errors."
    exit 1
fi

echo "
Contents of destination directory:"
ls -RF "$DESTINATION_DIR"

exit 0