Generic Python API Wrapper for Consistent Interactions

import requests
import json

class ApiWrapper:
    def __init__(self, base_url, api_key=None, default_headers=None):
        self.base_url = base_url.rstrip('/')
        self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
        if api_key:
            self.headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {api_key}'
        if default_headers:
            self.headers.update(default_headers)

    def _request(self, method, endpoint, params=None, data=None, json_data=None, headers=None):
        url = f"{self.base_url}/{endpoint.lstrip('/')}"
        request_headers = self.headers.copy()
        if headers:
            request_headers.update(headers)

        try:
            response = requests.request(
                method,
                url,
                params=params,
                data=data,
                json=json_data,
                headers=request_headers,
                timeout=10 # Add a timeout for robustness
            )
            response.raise_for_status() # Raise HTTPError for bad responses (4xx or 5xx)
            return response.json() if response.text else {}
        except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
            try:
                error_details = e.response.json()
            except json.JSONDecodeError:
                error_details = e.response.text
            print(f"HTTP Error for {url}: {e.response.status_code} - {error_details}")
            raise
        except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
            print(f"Connection Error for {url}: {e}")
            raise
        except requests.exceptions.Timeout as e:
            print(f"Timeout Error for {url}: {e}")
            raise
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            print(f"An unexpected error occurred for {url}: {e}")
            raise

    def get(self, endpoint, params=None, headers=None):
        return self._request('GET', endpoint, params=params, headers=headers)

    def post(self, endpoint, data=None, json_data=None, headers=None):
        return self._request('POST', endpoint, data=data, json_data=json_data, headers=headers)

    def put(self, endpoint, data=None, json_data=None, headers=None):
        return self._request('PUT', endpoint, data=data, json_data=json_data, headers=headers)

    def delete(self, endpoint, headers=None):
        return self._request('DELETE', endpoint, headers=headers)

# Example Usage:
# API_BASE_URL = "https://api.example.com"
# API_KEY = "your_secret_api_key"

# my_api = ApiWrapper(API_BASE_URL, api_key=API_KEY)

# try:
#     # Fetch users
#     users = my_api.get("/users", params={"limit": 5})
#     print("Users:", users)

#     # Create a new item
#     new_item = my_api.post("/items", json_data={"name": "New Widget", "price": 29.99})
#     print("New Item:", new_item)

#     # Update an item
#     updated_item = my_api.put("/items/123", json_data={"price": 34.99})
#     print("Updated Item:", updated_item)

# except Exception as e:
#     print(f"API interaction failed: {e}")